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Russia (Russian: pronunciation ??????, Rossiya), or officially the Russian Federation (Russian: ?????????? ????????? pronunciation, Rossiyskaya Federatsii) is the largest state of the planet with a population of 142 million inhabitants (in 2007) . The country straddles the geographical Europe (25.3% of its area) and East Asia (74.7%). Its territory stretches from west to east (from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok) on over 9 000 km for an area of 17 million square kilometers (twice that of the United States and 31 times that of France) and has eleven time zones. Its capital is Moscow, the Russian language and its currency the ruble. Although surrounded by many oceans and seas, Russia is characterized by a continental climate with cold and hostile environments on most of the territory. Russia has mineral resources (coal, iron, nickel, diamonds, etc..) And energy (oil, natural gas) abundance, which makes it one of the main producers and exporters worldwide. She inherited the Soviet Union a powerful heavy industry (steel, refineries, chemical industry, etc..). Sectors related to armaments and aerospace are also highly developed, which allowed the country to play a pioneering role in the conquest of space. The Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR) was the largest of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union it was the historic core. By the end of 1991, the Soviet Union broke into 15 independent sovereign states, including Russia, which inherited the former superpower 3 / 4 of its territory, more than half of its population, two thirds of its industry and half of its agricultural production. Russia has also in the continuity of place in international institutions, whose permanent seat on the Security Council of UN, while also assuming the financial liability of the USSR. She is also founder of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) which brings together eleven of the fifteen former Soviet republics. It remains a federation consisting of 83 subjects with a political and economic autonomy variable. Cutting, taking into account inter alia the presence of minorities, already existed in former USSR. After the end of the Soviet system in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the country has gradually adopted a market economy and a multiparty parliamentary system. Aspiring to follow the globalization, Russia is also considered the bridge between Europe and Asia.